… three judges, one institutional and two jurors,

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2003-05-15 02:27:13 (GMT) Post-grading
--------------------------------------------------

In Europe the judge(s) is/are assisted by so called “popular judges” which are the equivalent of jurors in the Anglo-Saxon judicial system. That’s why I opted for this translation.

Tom West gives "escribano" in Peru as a "court clerk" (unlike its translation in some of the Rio de la Plata countries as "notary public").

Since the "professional judge" would be the break the tie, if there were one, the other two are probably at a slightly lower level - the "escribanos" or court clerks. Given the nature of the geat, juvenile criminal proceedings, this seems logical. The term "juror" seems to have a higher connotation, at least to me.

Hi, Cathy,

There is an error in your source text: the word should be “escabino”.

In many (most?) Latin American countries the word “escribano” means “notary public”; in Venezuela, it has been uncommon at least since the first half of the 20th century (we say “notario” and “notaría”).

The word “escabino” is also new for me (and for most Venezuelans, I believe).

“Escabino” is a non-lawyer judge, member of a mixed court.

The phrase “un juez profesional y dos escribanos” should read “un juez profesional y dos escabinos”; I would translate it as “one professional judge and two non-lawyer judges”.

I copy below references for each term.

Kind regards,

Manuel

++++++
En la legislación de Venezuela hay dos tipos de tribunales, el mixto y el
de jurados. El mixto lo forman un juez profesional y dos escabinos. El de
jurados lo forman un juez profesional y nueve jurados. Las diferencias
esenciales entre los dos tribunales es que en el caso del tribunal mixto
los escabinos pueden dirigir preguntas al acusado y a los testigos y
deliberan junto con el juez. Los jurados no dirigen preguntas al acusado ni
a los testigos y deliberan sin la participación del juez. Los escabinos
suelen juzgar causas de menor gravedad que los jurados.
El término procede del nombre de los jueces en el sistema jurídico de los
francos y lombardos. Me parece que en el continente americano este sistema
sólo se usa en Venezuela.
http://majordomo.eunet.es/listserv/apuntes/1999-02/0548.html
+++++++

Se dispone en el Proyecto que en el tribunal mixto los escabinos tendrán funciones similares a las del juez profesional y deliberan en conjunto con él sobre las decisiones del tribunal, esto supone que deciden con el juez profesional pronunciándose sobre la culpabilidad y la pena. Este modelo que ha sido considerado como una "remodelación y enriquecimiento" del jurado clásico es el aplicable, entre otros países, en Francia, Italia, Alemania y Suiza. (…)

En el Capítulo referido al tribunal se dispone la integración de ellos en forma unipersonal por jueces profesionales o con escabinos o jurados en primera instancia, según la pena que merezca el delito de que se trate. En segunda instancia, la Corte de Apelaciones se integrará exclusivamente por jueces profesionales. (…)

En el Título V se regula lo concerniente a la participación ciudadana -principio recogido en el Título Preliminar- disponiéndose la participación en la administración de justicia como un derecho-deber. En el primer Capítulo de este Título se contemplan las disposiciones generales contentivas de las obligaciones, requisitos, incompatibilidades, impedimentos, excusas, notificación e instructivo, sorteo, retribución, efectos laborales y funcionariales y sanciones que podrían imponerse a los escabinos o jurados; **ENTENDIÉNDOSE POR ESCABINO AL CIUDADANO NO ABOGADO QUE CONCURRE CON UN JUEZ PROFESIONAL EN LA INTEGRACIÓN DE LOS TRIBUNALES COMPETES PARA EL ENJUICIAMIENTO DE LOS DELITOS QUE MEREZCAN UNA PENA SUPERIOR A CUATRO AÑOS DE PRIVACIÓN DE LIBERTAD PERO MENOR DE DIECISÉIS (TRIBUNAL MIXTO); Y, POR JURADO, A CADA UNO DE LOS NUEVE CIUDADANOS NO ABOGADOS INTEGRAN EL TRIBUNAL PRESIDIDO POR UN JUEZ PROFESIONAL ENCARGADOS DEL JUZGAMIENTO DE LOS DELITOS QUE TIENEN ASIGNADA UNA PENA PRIVATIVA DE LIBERTAD SUPERIOR A DIECISÉIS AÑOS (TRIBUNAL DE JURADOS).** En los Capítulos II y se regula lo concerniente a la organización y funcionamiento de los tribunales mixtos y de jurados, respectivamente
http://comunidad.derecho.org/pantin/expocopp.html
++++++
Searched the web for escabino+origen. Results 1 - 10 of about 45. Search took 0.17 seconds.


INSTRUCTIVO PARA ESCABINOS - [ Translate this page ]
... Usted como escabino debe saber que su apreciación de las pruebas tiene tanto ... documentos
serán leídos y exhibidos en el debate, con indicación de su origen. ...
dem.tsj.gov.ve/escabino.html - 19k - Cached - Similar pages

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... de conocimientos previos para participar en el juicio en su calidad de escabino. ... serán
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politica.eluniversal.com/informespecial/ copp/copp7.html - 24k - Cached - Similar pages

Glosario - Informe especial - [ Translate this page ]
... Cuando el escabino sea un trabajador independiente y el juicio dure más de tres ... El
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... Caracas, domingo 08 de febrero, 1998 Entre escabinos te veas. Fernando
M. Fernández. Ya no es un misterio el origen de la palabra escabino. ...
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NOTICIAS - [ Translate this page ]
... No pueden desempeñar las funciones de escabino o jurado los funcionarios públicos,
los ... un individuo corre el riesgo de ser torturado en su país de origen. ...
www.cajpe.org.pe/rij/BASES/NOTICIAS/ven/n996.htm - 88k - Cached - Similar pages

Declaratoria sin lugar de la demanda de nulidad de los artículos ... - [ Translate this page ]
... La labor específica del escabino o del jurado en la administración de ... fundamentalmente
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www.csj.gov.ve/sentencias/CP/cp25051999-1002.html - 101k - Cached - Similar pages

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File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML
... Por su lado, el juez, jurado o escabino fungen como árbitros que deciden ... Estará
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... El escabino o jurado que presente una excusa falsa, será sancionado con multa del
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comunidad.derecho.org/juancandelario/Legisl/Copp2.htm - 68k - Cached - Similar pages

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... La labor específica del escabino o del jurado en la administración de justicia
radica precisamente en su ... En los demás documentos se indica el origen. ...
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DERECHO PENAL - [ Translate this page ]
... La acción penal y el derecho público provincial. Sobre el origen histórico de
la palabra "escabino". El juicio por jurados en la Constitución Nacional. ...
www.adhoc-villela.com/d_penal.html - 101k - Cached - Similar pages

+++++++
Upon being appointed or elected to the position of a District Magistrate Judge, if the judge is not licensed to practice law, the judge is issued a temporary certificate permitting the judge to commence the duties of the office. The non-lawyer magistrate then must pass within 18 months a test for "certification" that is administered under the authority of the Supreme Court and pursuant to K.S.A. 20-337. It is a written test with pass/fail results. Failure to pass the test within the 18 month period results in forfeiture of the office. Once "certified" the person must comply with Continuing Judicial Education obligations to remain eligible to hold the office.
http://www.kscourts.org/kcji/draft/ratrec04.htm
++++++
Searched the web for “non-lawyer judge”+court+imprisonment. Results 1 - 6 of 6. Search took 0.22 seconds.

[PDF]REVERSED AND REMANDED
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML
... the Constitution of Tennessee prohibit a non-lawyer judge from presiding ... the same
idea when it prohibits imprisonment and deprivation ... There the Court said: Thus ...
www.tsc.state.tn.us/opinions/tca/PDF/972/whitehou.pdf - Similar pages

[PDF]OPINION
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML
... one thousand dollars ($1,000) and by imprisonment for not ... or the conclusions entered
by the Court of the ... was that as a part-time, non-lawyer judge, he should ...
www.tsc.state.tn.us/OPINIONS/tsc/PDF/983/williabw.pdf - Similar pages

Opinion-Flash-12/10/98
... the meaning of a sentence of imprisonment in arriving ... was granted relief by the trial
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File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML
... reflect the continued diversification of the US population, and signal the likelihood
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File Format: Microsoft Word 97 - View as HTML
... truth and face imprisonment; or tell a lie, and face imprisonment for perjury ... Schaffer
thinks underlying policy rationale of Schmerber was that Court couldn’t ...
www.nyu.edu/pubs/annualsurvey/staff/Outlines/ CrimPro1.Shaffer_Fall00.NathanielRead.doc - Similar pages


+++++
4. Mixed court. Full day of Department of Social Services cases, including abuse, neglect and termination of parental rights.
(…)
4. Mixed court. A catch-all court in which additional civil cases, custody and child support as well as juvenile delinquency cases can be heard.
http://www.salisburypost.com/august/080799d.htm
+++++++
Searched the web for "professional judge"+court. Results 1 - 10 of about 1,360. Search took 0.30 seconds.
[PDF]1 Tenth Meeting of European Labour Court Judges Stockholm, ...
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML
... In each case, apart from the German Federal Labour Court, the lay judges outnumber
the professional judge(s). Each member of the court has an equal vote. ...
www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/ ifpdial/downloads/lc_03/gr_1.pdf - Similar pages

[PDF]1 Tenth meeting of European Labour Court Judges Stockholm, ...
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML
... Judge Peter Clark United Kingdom Response Judge Peter Clark 1 Does your Appellate
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www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/ ifpdial/downloads/lc_03/uk_1.pdf - Similar pages
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independent courts
... Civil Court sittings in panels of one professional judge and two civil judges, Administrative
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... Petersburg City Court appointed one professional judge to preside over the trial,
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